Reactionaries, Black Hundreds, White Guards, Fascists: Definitions of Russian Right-Wingers in the Early 20th Century

The article presents a detailed analysis of definitions that, having arisen during the political struggle early 20th Century, subsequently became entrenched in historical literature relation to right-wing monarchist movement. Special attention is paid circumstances emergence, use and validity such terms as “conservatives”, “reactionaries”, “rightists”, “the Black Hundreds”, “bison”, Whites” (“the White Guards”), “right-wing revolutionaries”, “fascists”. It for first time that author has introduced scientific community sources illustrating how certain were used Russian right-wingers periodicals journalism pre-revolutionary Soviet Russia reaction them from Hundreds nationalists. shows same could have different interpretations be endowed with opposite characteristics when by opposing forces. Such nicknames Hundreds” “bison” sounded like swear mouths members revolutionary liberal camps. However, some proudly raised their banners. At time, monarchists rejected nickname revolutionaries” every possible way, since they saw it tool discrediting distorting goals. later term “fascists”, retrospectively applied opponents, inspired former leaders desire present movement genetically close European movements time. Attention also little-known which was camp First Revolution, but supplanted other almost forgotten.